THE LONDON CONFERENCE ON AFGHANISTAN

LONDON 31 JANUARY – 1 FEBRUARY 2006

THE AFGHANISTAN LONDON COMPACT

THE LONDON CONFERENCE

ON AFGHANISTAN

31 January – 1 February 2006

THE AFGHANISTAN COMPACT

The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the international community:

Determined to strengthen their partnership to improve the lives of Afghan people, and

to contribute to national, regional, and global peace and security;

Affirming their shared commitment to continue, in the spirit of the Bonn, Tokyo and

Berlin conferences, to work toward a stable and prosperous Afghanistan, with good

governance and human rights protection for all under the rule of law, and to

maintain and strengthen that commitment over the term of this Compact and beyond;

Recognising the courage and determination of Afghans who, by defying violent

extremism and hardship, have laid the foundations for a democratic, peaceful,

pluralistic and prosperous state based on the principles of Islam;

Noting the full implementation of the Bonn Agreement through the adoption of a new

constitution in January 2004, and the holding of presidential elections in October

2004 and National Assembly and Provincial Council elections in September 2005,

which have enabled Afghanistan to regain its rightful place in the international

community;

Mindful that Afghanistan's transition to peace and stability is not yet assured, and

that strong international engagement will continue to be required to address

remaining challenges;

Resolved to overcome the legacy of conflict in Afghanistan by setting conditions for

sustainable economic growth and development; strengthening state institutions and

civil society; removing remaining terrorist threats; meeting the challenge of counternarcotics;

rebuilding capacity and infrastructure; reducing poverty; and meeting

basic human needs;

Have agreed to this Afghanistan Compact.

PURPOSE

The Afghan Government has articulated its overarching goals for the well-being of its

people in the Afghanistan Millennium Development Goals Country Report 2005 – Vision

2020. Consistent with those goals, this Compact identifies three critical and interdependent

areas or pillars of activity for the five years from the adoption of this Compact:

1. Security;

2. Governance, Rule of Law and Human Rights; and

3. Economic and Social Development.

A further vital and cross-cutting area of work is eliminating the narcotics industry,

which remains a formidable threat to the people and state of Afghanistan, the region and

beyond.

The Afghan Government hereby commits itself to realising this shared vision of the

future; the international community, in turn, commits itself to provide resources and support

to realise that vision. Annex I of this Compact sets out detailed outcomes, benchmarks and

timelines for delivery, consistent with the high-level goals set by the Afghanistan National

Development Strategy (ANDS). The Government and international community also commit

themselves to improve the effectiveness and accountability of international assistance as set

forth in Annex II.

PRINCIPLES OF COOPERATION

As the Afghan Government and the international community embark on the

implementation of this Compact, they will:

1. Respect the pluralistic culture, values and history of Afghanistan, based on Islam;

2. Work on the basis of partnership between the Afghan Government, with its

sovereign responsibilities, and the international community, with a central and

impartial coordinating role for the United Nations;

3. Engage further the deep-seated traditions of participation and aspiration to

ownership of the Afghan people;

4. Pursue fiscal, institutional and environmental sustainability;

5. Build lasting Afghan capacity and effective state and civil society institutions,

with particular emphasis on building up human capacities of men and women

alike;

6. Ensure balanced and fair allocation of domestic and international resources in

order to offer all parts of the country tangible prospects of well-being;

7. Recognise in all policies and programmes that men and women have equal rights

and responsibilities;

8. Promote regional cooperation; and

9. Combat corruption and ensure public transparency and accountability.

SECURITY

Genuine security remains a fundamental prerequisite for achieving stability and

development in Afghanistan. Security cannot be provided by military means alone. It requires

good governance, justice and the rule of law, reinforced by reconstruction and development.

With the support of the international community, the Afghan Government will consolidate

peace by disbanding all illegal armed groups. The Afghan Government and the international

community will create a secure environment by strengthening Afghan institutions to meet the

security needs of the country in a fiscally sustainable manner.

To that end, the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), the USled

Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and partner nations involved in security sector reform

will continue to provide strong support to the Afghan Government in establishing and

sustaining security and stability in Afghanistan, subject to participating states’ national

approval procedures. They will continue to strengthen and develop the capacity of the

national security forces to ensure that they become fully functional. All OEF counterterrorism

operations will be conducted in close coordination with the Afghan Government and

ISAF. ISAF will continue to expand its presence throughout Afghanistan, including through

Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs), and will continue to promote stability and support

security sector reforms in its areas of operation.

Full respect for Afghanistan’s sovereignty and strengthening dialogue and

cooperation between Afghanistan and its neighbours constitute an essential guarantee of

stability in Afghanistan and the region. The international community will support concrete

confidence-building measures to this end.

GOVERNANCE, RULE OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Democratic governance and the protection of human rights constitute the cornerstone

of sustainable political progress in Afghanistan. The Afghan Government will rapidly expand

its capacity to provide basic services to the population throughout the country. It will recruit

competent and credible professionals to public service on the basis of merit; establish a more

effective, accountable and transparent administration at all levels of Government; and

implement measurable improvements in fighting corruption, upholding justice and the rule of

law and promoting respect for the human rights of all Afghans.

The Afghan Government will give priority to the coordinated establishment in each

province of functional institutions – including civil administration, police, prisons and

judiciary. These institutions will have appropriate legal frameworks and appointment

procedures; trained staff; and adequate remuneration, infrastructure and auditing capacity.

The Government will establish a fiscally and institutionally sustainable administration for

future elections under the supervision of the Afghanistan Independent Electoral Commission.

Reforming the justice system will be a priority for the Afghan Government and the

international community. The aim will be to ensure equal, fair and transparent access to

justice for all based upon written codes with fair trials and enforceable verdicts. Measures will

include: completing legislative reforms for the public as well as the private sector; building

the capacity of judicial institutions and personnel; promoting human rights and legal

awareness; and rehabilitating judicial infrastructure.

The Afghan Government and the international community reaffirm their commitment

to the protection and promotion of rights provided for in the Afghan constitution and under

applicable international law, including the international human rights covenants and other

instruments to which Afghanistan is party. With a view to rebuilding trust among those whose

lives were shattered by war, reinforcing a shared sense of citizenship and a culture of

tolerance, pluralism and observance of the rule of law, the Afghan Government with the

support of the international community will implement the Action Plan on Peace, Justice and

Reconciliation.

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

The Afghan Government with the support of the international community will pursue

high rates of sustainable economic growth with the aim of reducing hunger, poverty and

unemployment. It will promote the role and potential of the private sector, alongside those of

the public and non-profit sectors; curb the narcotics industry; ensure macroeconomic stability;

restore and promote the development of the country’s human, social and physical capital,

thereby establishing a sound basis for a new generation of leaders and professionals;

strengthen civil society; and complete the reintegration of returnees, internally displaced

persons and ex-combatants.

Public investments will be structured around the six sectors of the pillar on economic

and social development of the Afghanistan National Development Strategy:

1. Infrastructure and natural resources;

2. Education;

3. Health;

4. Agriculture and rural development;

5. Social protection; and

6. Economic governance and private sector development.

In each of these areas, the objective will be to achieve measurable results towards the

goal of equitable economic growth that reduces poverty, expands employment and enterprise

creation, enhances opportunities in the region and improves the well-being of all Afghans.

COUNTER-NARCOTICS – A CROSS-CUTTING PRIORITY

Meeting the threat that the narcotics industry poses to national, regional and

international security as well as the development and governance of the country and the wellbeing

of Afghans will be a priority for the Government and the international community. The

aim will be to achieve a sustained and significant reduction in the production and trafficking

of narcotics with a view to complete elimination. Essential elements include improved

interdiction, law enforcement and judicial capacity building; enhanced cooperation among

Afghanistan, neighbouring countries and the international community on disrupting the drugs

trade; wider provision of economic alternatives for farmers and labourers in the context of

comprehensive rural development; and building national and provincial counter-narcotics

institutions. It will also be crucial to enforce a zero-tolerance policy towards official

corruption; to pursue eradication as appropriate; to reinforce the message that producing or

trading opiates is both immoral and a violation of Islamic law; and to reduce the demand for

the illicit use of opiates.

COORDINATION AND MONITORING

The Afghan Government and the international community are establishing a Joint

Coordination and Monitoring Board for the implementation of the political commitments that

comprise this Compact. As detailed in Annex III, this Board will be co-chaired by the Afghan

Government and the United Nations and will be supported by a small secretariat. It will

ensure greater coherence of efforts by the Afghan Government and international community

to implement the Compact and provide regular and timely public reports on its execution.

ANNEX I

BENCHMARKS AND TIMELINES

The Afghan Government, with the support of the international community, is committed to

achieving the following benchmarks in accordance with the timelines specified.

SECURITY

International Security Forces

Through end-2010, with the support of and in close coordination with the Afghan

Government, the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), Operation

Enduring Freedom (OEF) and their respective Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) will

promote security and stability in all regions of Afghanistan, including by strengthening

Afghan capabilities.

Afghan National Army

By end-2010: A nationally respected, professional, ethnically balanced Afghan National

Army will be fully established that is democratically accountable, organized, trained and

equipped to meet the security needs of the country and increasingly funded from Government

revenue, commensurate with the nation’s economic capacity; the international community

will continue to support Afghanistan in expanding the ANA towards the ceiling of 70,000

personnel articulated in the Bonn talks; and the pace of expansion is to be adjusted on the

basis of periodic joint quality assessments by the Afghan Government and the international

community against agreed criteria which take into account prevailing conditions.

Afghan National and Border Police

By end-2010, a fully constituted, professional, functional and ethnically balanced Afghan

National Police and Afghan Border Police with a combined force of up to 62,000 will be able

to meet the security needs of the country effectively and will be increasingly fiscally

sustainable.

Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups

All illegal armed groups will be disbanded by end-2007 in all provinces.

Counter-Narcotics

By end-2010, the Government will strengthen its law enforcement capacity at both central and

provincial levels, resulting in a substantial annual increase in the amount of drugs seized or

destroyed and processing facilities dismantled, and in effective measures, including targeted

eradication as appropriate, that contribute to the elimination of poppy cultivation.

By end-2010, the Government and neighbouring and regional governments will work together

to increase coordination and mutual sharing of intelligence, with the goal of an increase in the

seizure and destruction of drugs being smuggled across Afghanistan’s borders and effective

action against drug traffickers.

Mine Action and Ammunition

By end-2010, in line with Afghanistan’s Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and

Afghanistan’s Ottawa Convention obligations, the land area contaminated by mines and

unexploded ordnance will be reduced by 70%; all stockpiled anti-personnel mines will be

located and destroyed by end-2007; and by end-2010, all unsafe, unserviceable and surplus

ammunition will be destroyed.

GOVERNANCE, RULE OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Public Administrative Reform

By end-2010: Government machinery (including the number of ministries) will be

restructured and rationalised to ensure a fiscally sustainable public administration; the civil

service commission will be strengthened; and civil service functions will be reformed to

reflect core functions and responsibilities.

A clear and transparent national appointments mechanism will be established within 6

months, applied within 12 months and fully implemented within 24 months for all senior level

appointments to the central government and the judiciary, as well as for provincial governors,

chiefs of police, district administrators and provincial heads of security.

By end-2006 a review of the number of administrative units and their boundaries will be

undertaken with the aim of contributing to fiscal sustainability.

By end-2010, in furtherance of the work of the civil service commission, merit-based

appointments, vetting procedures and performance-based reviews will be undertaken for civil

service positions at all levels of government, including central government, the judiciary and

police, and requisite support will be provided to build the capacity of the civil service to

function effectively. Annual performance-based reviews will be undertaken for all senior staff

(grade 2 and above) starting by end-2007.

Anti-Corruption

The UN Convention against Corruption will be ratified by end-2006, national legislation

adapted accordingly by end-2007 and a monitoring mechanism to oversee implementation

will be in place by end-2008.

The Census and Statistics

The census enumeration will be completed by end-2008 and the complete results published.

Reliable statistical baselines will be established for all quantitative benchmarks by mid-2007

and statistical capacity built to track progress against them.

National Assembly

The National Assembly will be provided with technical and administrative support by mid-

2006 to fulfil effectively its constitutionally mandated roles.

Elections

The Afghanistan Independent Electoral Commission will have the high integrity, capacity and

resources to undertake elections in an increasingly fiscally sustainable manner by end-2008,

with the Government of Afghanistan contributing to the extent possible to the cost of future

elections from its own resources. A permanent civil and voter registry with a single national

identity document will be established by end-2009.

Gender

By end-2010: the National Action Plan for Women in Afghanistan will be fully implemented;

and, in line with Afghanistan’s MDGs, female participation in all Afghan governance

institutions, including elected and appointed bodies and the civil service, will be strengthened.

Rule of Law

By end-2010, the legal framework required under the constitution, including civil, criminal

and commercial law, will be put in place, distributed to all judicial and legislative institutions

and made available to the public.

By end-2010, functioning institutions of justice will be fully operational in each province of

Afghanistan, and the average time to resolve contract disputes will be reduced as much as

possible.

A review and reform of oversight procedures relating to corruption, lack of due process and

miscarriage of justice will be initiated by end-2006 and fully implemented by end-2010; by

end-2010, reforms will strengthen the professionalism, credibility and integrity of key

institutions of the justice system (the Ministry of Justice, the Judiciary, the Attorney-

General’s office, the Ministry of Interior and the National Directorate of Security).

By end-2010, justice infrastructure will be rehabilitated; and prisons will have separate

facilities for women and juveniles.

Land Registration

A process for registration of land in all administrative units and the registration of titles will

be started for all major urban areas by end-2006 and all other areas by end-2008. A fair

system for settlement of land disputes will be in place by end-2007. Registration for rural land

will be under way by end-2007.

Counter-Narcotics

By end-2010, the Government will increase the number of arrests and prosecutions of

traffickers and corrupt officials and will improve its information base concerning those

involved in the drugs trade, with a view to enhancing the selection system for national and

sub-national public appointments, as part of the appointments mechanism mentioned earlier in

this annex.

Human Rights

By end-2010: The Government’s capacity to comply with and report on its human rights

treaty obligations will be strengthened; Government security and law enforcement agencies

will adopt corrective measures including codes of conduct and procedures aimed at

preventing arbitrary arrest and detention, torture, extortion and illegal expropriation of

property with a view to the elimination of these practices; the exercise of freedom of

expression, including freedom of media, will be strengthened; human rights awareness will be

included in education curricula and promoted among legislators, judicial personnel and other

Government agencies, communities and the public; human rights monitoring will be carried

out by the Government and independently by the Afghan Independent Human Rights

Commission (AIHRC), and the UN will track the effectiveness of measures aimed at the

protection of human rights; the AIHRC will be supported in the fulfilment of its objectives

with regard to monitoring, investigation, protection and promotion of human rights.

The implementation of the Action Plan on Peace, Justice and Reconciliation will be

completed by end-2008.

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Roads

Afghanistan will have a fully upgraded and maintained ring road, as well as roads connecting

the ring road to neighbouring countries by end-2008 and a fiscally sustainable system for road

maintenance by end-2007.

Air Transport

By end-2010: Kabul International Airport and Herat Airport will achieve full International

Civil Aviation Organisation compliance; Mazar-i-Sharif, Jalalabad and Kandahar will be

upgraded with runway repairs, air navigation, fire and rescue and communications equipment;

seven other domestic airports will be upgraded to facilitate domestic air transportation; and air

transport services and costs will be increasingly competitive with international market

standards and rates.

Energy

By end-2010: electricity will reach at least 65% of households and 90% of non-residential

establishments in major urban areas and at least 25% of households in rural areas; at least

75% of the costs will be recovered from users connected to the national power grid. A

strategy for the development and the use of renewable energies will be developed by end-

2007.

Mining and Natural Resources

An enabling regulatory environment for profitable extraction of Afghanistan’s mineral and

natural resources will be created by end-2006, and by end-2010 the investment environment

and infrastructure will be enhanced in order to attract domestic and foreign direct investment

in this area.

Water Resource Management

Sustainable water resource management strategies and plans covering irrigation and drinking

water supply will be developed by end-2006, and irrigation investments will result in at least

30% of water coming from large waterworks by end-2010.

Urban Development

By end-2010: Municipal governments will have strengthened capacity to manage urban

development and to ensure that municipal services are delivered effectively, efficiently and

transparently; in line with Afghanistan’s MDGs, investment in water supply and sanitation

will ensure that 50% of households in Kabul and 30% of households in other major urban

areas will have access to piped water.

Environment

In line with Afghanistan’s MDGs, environmental regulatory frameworks and management

services will be established for the protection of air and water quality, waste management and

pollution control, and natural resource policies will be developed and implementation started

at all levels of government as well as the community level, by end-2007.

EDUCATION

Primary and Secondary Education

By end-2010: in line with Afghanistan’s MDGs, net enrolment in primary school for girls and

boys will be at least 60% and 75% respectively; a new curriculum will be operational in all

secondary schools; female teachers will be increased by 50%; 70% of Afghanistan’s teachers

will have passed a competency test; and a system for assessing learning achievement such as

a national testing system for students will be in place.

Higher Education

By end 2010: enrolment of students to universities will be 100,000 with at least 35% female

students; and the curriculum in Afghanistan’s public universities will be revised to meet the

development needs of the country and private sector growth.

Skills Development

A human resource study will be completed by end-2006, and 150,000 men and women will be

trained in marketable skills through public and private means by end-2010.

Afghan Cultural Heritage

A comprehensive inventory of Afghan cultural treasures will be compiled by end-2007.

Measures will be taken to revive the Afghan cultural heritage, to stop the illegal removal of

cultural material and to restore damaged monuments and artefacts by end-2010.

HEALTH

Health and Nutrition

By end-2010, in line with Afghanistan’s MDGs, the Basic Package of Health Services will be

extended to cover at least 90% of the population; maternal mortality will be reduced by 15%;

and full immunisation coverage for infants under-5 for vaccine-preventable diseases will be

achieved and their mortality rates reduced by 20%.

AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Agriculture and Livestock

By end-2010: The necessary institutional, regulatory and incentive framework to increase

production and productivity will be established to create an enabling environment for legal

agriculture and agriculture-based rural industries, and public investment in agriculture will

increase by 30 percent; particular consideration will be given to perennial horticulture, animal

health and food security by instituting specialised support agencies and financial service

delivery mechanisms, supporting farmers’ associations, branding national products,

disseminating timely price and weather-related information and statistics, providing strategic

research and technical assistance and securing access to irrigation and water management

systems.

Comprehensive Rural Development

By end-2010: Rural development will be enhanced comprehensively for the benefit of 19

million people in over 38,000 villages; this will be achieved through the election of at least a

further 14,000 voluntary community development councils in all remaining villages,

promoting local governance and community empowerment; access to safe drinking water will

be extended to 90% of villages and sanitation to 50%; road connectivity will reach 40% of all

villages, increasing access to markets, employment and social services; 47% of villages will

benefit from small-scale irrigation; 800,000 households (22% of all Afghanistan’s

households) will benefit from improved access to financial services; and livelihoods of at

least 15% of the rural population will be supported through the provision of 91 million labour

days.

Counter-Narcotics

By end-2010, the Government will design and implement programmes to achieve a sustained

annual reduction in the amount of land under poppy and other drug cultivation by the

strengthening and diversification of licit livelihoods and other counter-narcotics measures, as

part of the overall goal of a decrease in the absolute and relative size of the drug economy in

line with the Government’s MDG target.

SOCIAL PROTECTION

Poverty Reduction

By end-2010, in line with Afghanistan’s MDGs, the proportion of people living on less than

US$1 a day will decrease by 3% per year and the proportion of people who suffer from

hunger will decrease by 5% per year.

Humanitarian and Disaster Response

By end-2010, an effective system of disaster preparedness and response will be in place.

Disabled

By end-2010, increased assistance will be provided to meet the special needs of all disabled

people, including their integration in society through opportunities for education and gainful

employment.

Employment of Youth and Demobilised Soldiers

By end-2010, employment opportunities for youth and demobilised soldiers will be increased

through special programmes.

Refugees and IDPs

By end-2010, all refugees opting to return and internally displaced persons will be provided

assistance for rehabilitation and integration in their local communities; their integration will

be supported by national development programmes, particularly in key areas of return.

Vulnerable Women

By end-2010, the number of female-headed households that are chronically poor will be

reduced by 20%, and their employment rates will be increased by 20%.

Counter-Narcotics

By end-2010, the Government will implement programmes to reduce the demand for

narcotics and provide improved treatment for drug users.

ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

Financial Management

By end-2007, the Government will ensure improved transparent financial management at the

central and provincial levels through establishing and meeting benchmarks for financial

management agreed with and monitored by the international community, including those in

the anticipated Poverty Reduction Growth Facility (PRGF). In turn, and in line with improved

government accountability, donors will make more effort to increase the share of total

external assistance to Afghanistan that goes to the core budget.

Domestic Revenues

Afghanistan’s total domestic budgetary revenue – equivalent to 4.5% of estimated legal GDP

in 1383 (2004/05) – will steadily increase and reach 8% of GDP by 1389 (2010/11). The ratio

of revenue to estimated total recurrent expenditures, including estimated recurrent

expenditures in the core and external development budgets, is projected to rise from 28% in

1383 (2004/05) to an estimated 58% in 1389, resulting in a continuing need, in accord with

the principles in Annex II, for (1) external assistance to the core budget and (2) increasing

cost-effectiveness of assistance that funds recurrent expenditure though the external

development budget.

Private Sector Development and Trade

All legislation, regulations and procedures related to investment will be simplified and

harmonised by end-2006 and implemented by end-2007. New business organisation laws will

be tabled in the National Assembly by end-2006. The Government’s strategy for divestment

of state-owned enterprises will be implemented by end-2009.

Financial Services and Markets

Internationally accepted prudential regulations will be developed for all core sectors of

banking and non-bank financial institutions by end-2007. The banking supervision function of

Da Afghanistan Bank will be further strengthened by end-2007. Re-structuring of state-owned

commercial banks will be complete by end-2007. State-owned banks that have not been relicensed

will be liquidated by end-2006.

Regional Cooperation

By end-2010: Afghanistan and its neighbours will achieve lower transit times through

Afghanistan by means of cooperative border management and other multilateral or bilateral

trade and transit agreements; Afghanistan will increase the amount of electricity available

through bilateral power purchase; and Afghanistan, its neighbours and countries in the region

will reach agreements to enable Afghanistan to import skilled labour, and to enable Afghans

to seek work in the region and send remittances home.

ANNEX II

IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AID TO AFGHANISTAN

The international community has made a significant investment in the future of a

democratic state of Afghanistan since December 2001. This Compact is an affirmation of that

commitment. The Afghan Government and the international community are further

committed to improving the effectiveness of the aid being provided to Afghanistan in

accordance with the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005), recognising the special

needs of Afghanistan and their implications for donor support.

Consistent with the Paris Declaration and the principles of cooperation of this

Compact, the Government and the international community providing assistance to

Afghanistan agree that the principles for improving the effectiveness of aid to Afghanistan

under this Compact are:

1. Leadership of the Afghan Government in setting its development priorities and

strategies and, within them, the support needs of the country and the coordination of

donor assistance;

2. Transparency and accountability on the part of both the Government and the donors

of the international assistance being provided to Afghanistan.

Under these principles and towards the goal of improving the effectiveness of aid to

Afghanistan, the Government will:

• Provide a prioritised and detailed Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS)

with indicators for monitoring results, including those for Afghanistan’s Millennium

Development Goals (MDGs);

• Improve its abilities to generate domestic revenues through, inter alia, customs duties and

taxes; and to achieve cost recovery from public utilities and transportation;

• Agree with donors, international financial institutions and United Nations agencies on the

benchmarks for aid channelled through the Government’s core budget and for the

utilisation of such aid; and monitor performance against those benchmarks; and

• Provide regular reporting on the use of donor assistance and performance against the

benchmarks of this compact to the National Assembly, the donor community through the

Afghanistan Development Forum and the public at large.

The donors will:

• Provide assistance within the framework of the Afghanistan National Development

Strategy; programmes and projects will be coordinated with Government in order to focus

on priorities, eliminate duplication and rationalise donor activities to maximise costeffectiveness;

• Increasingly provide more predictable and multiyear funding commitments or indications

of multiyear support to Afghanistan to enable the Government to plan better the

implementation of its National Development Strategy and provide untied aid whenever

possible;

• Increase the proportion of donor assistance channelled directly through the core budget,

as agreed bilaterally between the Government and each donor, as well as through other

more predictable core budget funding modalities in which the Afghan Government

participates, such as the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF), the Law and

Order Trust Fund for Afghanistan (LOTFA) and the Counter-Narcotics Trust Fund

(CNTF);

• Provide assistance for the development of public expenditure management systems that

are essential for improving transparency and accountability in the utilisation of donor

resources and countering corruption;

• Recognise that, because of the need to build Afghan capacity, donor assistance provided

through the external budget will be designed in such a manner as to build this capacity in

the Government as well as the private sector and non-profit sector;

• Ensure that development policies, including salary policies, strengthen national

institutions that are sustainable in the medium to long term for delivery of programmes by

the Government;

• For aid not channelled through the core budget, endeavour to:

􀂃 Harmonise the delivery of technical assistance in line with Government needs to

focus on priority areas and reduce duplication and transaction costs;

􀂃 Reduce the external management and overhead costs of projects by promoting the

Afghan private sector in their management and delivery;

􀂃 Increasingly use Afghan national implementation partners and equally qualified

local and expatriate Afghans;

􀂃 Increase procurement within Afghanistan of supplies for civilian and military

activities; and

􀂃 Use Afghan materials in the implementation of projects, in particular for

infrastructure;

• Within the principles of international competitive bidding, promote the participation in

the bidding process of the Afghan private sector and South-South cooperation in order to

overcome capacity constraints and to lower costs of delivery;

• Provide timely, transparent and comprehensive information on foreign aid flows,

including levels of pledges, commitments and disbursements in a format that will enable

the Afghan Government to plan its own activities and present comprehensive budget

reports to the National Assembly; this covers the nature and amount of assistance being

provided to Afghanistan through the core and external budgets; and

• For external budget assistance, also report to the Government on: the utilisation of funds;

its efficiency, quality and effectiveness; and the results achieved.

These mutual commitments are intended to ensure that the donor assistance being provided to

Afghanistan is used efficiently and effectively, that there is increased transparency and

accountability, and that both Afghans and the taxpayers in donor countries are receiving value

for money.

ANNEX III

COORDINATION AND MONITORING

The Afghan Government and the international community recognise that the success of the

Afghanistan Compact requires strong political, security and financial commitment to achieve

the benchmarks within the agreed timelines. Equally, the success of the Compact relies on an

effective coordination and monitoring mechanism.

To this end, and in addition to existing sectoral coordination mechanisms, the Afghan

Government and the international community are establishing a Joint Coordination and

Monitoring Board with the participation of senior Afghan Government officials appointed by

the President and representatives of the international community. The Board will be cochaired

by a senior Afghan Government official appointed by the President and by the Special

Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Afghanistan. Its purpose would be to ensure

overall strategic coordination of the implementation of the Compact.

The Board will have a small secretariat staffed by the Afghan Government and the United

Nations. It will be supported by technical experts, as needed. The Board will hold periodic

meetings and special sessions as required to review the implementation of this Compact and

suggest corrective action, as appropriate.

Afghan state institutions and sectoral coordination mechanisms involved in the

implementation of the Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS) will provide

inputs to the Board with regard to the implementation of the Compact. In addition, in carrying

out its assessments, the Board will consider inputs from the international community,

including United Nations agencies, international financial institutions, donors, international

security forces and relevant non-governmental organisations and civil society representatives.

Periodic progress reports on the implementation of the Compact prepared by the Joint

Coordination and Monitoring Board will be made public.

------------------------------

ANNEX IV

Participants at the London Conference on Afghanistan

Participating Countries

Afghanistan (co-Chair)

Australia

Austria

Bahrain

Belgium

Brazil

Brunei

Bulgaria

Canada

China

Czech Republic

Denmark

Egypt

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

India

Iran

Italy

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Korea (Republic of)

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malaysia

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Pakistan

Poland

Portugal

Qatar

Romania

Russia

Saudi Arabia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Tajikistan

Turkey

Turkmenistan

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom (co-Chair)

United States of America

Uzbekistan

Participating Organisations

Aga Khan Foundation

Asian Development Bank

European Commission

European Union

Islamic Development Bank

International Monetary Fund

North Atlantic Treaty

Organisation

Organisation of Islamic

Conference

United Nations (co-Chair)

World Bank

Observers

Argentina

Chile

Croatia

Cyprus

Estonia

Ireland

Latvia

Macedonia (FYR)

Malta

Oman

Organisation for Security and

Cooperation in Europe

Singapore

Slovakia

Slovenia